Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that affects many children and can impact their behaviour and learning. If you suspect your child has ADHD, getting a proper assessment and diagnosis is essential for accessing the right support. This guide will walk you through the process of obtaining an ADHD assessment and diagnosis for your child through the NHS, including timelines, challenges, and other available options.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Recognise the Symptoms

Before seeking an assessment, it is crucial to recognise the symptoms of ADHD. Common symptoms include:

• Inattention (e.g., difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness)
• Hyperactivity (e.g., excessive fidgeting, inability to stay seated)
• Impulsivity (e.g., interrupting others, difficulty waiting for their turn)

If your child exhibits several of these symptoms persistently across different settings, it may be time to seek an assessment.

Step 2: Consult Your GP

The first official step in the NHS process is to consult your child’s General Practitioner (GP). During the consultation:

• Share your observations and concerns.
• Provide examples of your child’s behaviour at home and school.
• Discuss any family history of ADHD or other related conditions.

The GP may use questionnaires or rating scales to evaluate the severity of the symptoms and decide whether a referral to a specialist is necessary.

Step 3: Referral to a Specialist

If the GP agrees that an assessment is required, they will refer your child to a specialist, such as a paediatrician, psychiatrist, or clinical psychologist. The referral process can take several weeks to months, depending on the waiting lists and availability of specialists in your area.

Step 4: The Assessment Process

Once referred, the specialist will conduct a comprehensive assessment. This process may include:

• Interviews with parents and the child: The specialist will conduct detailed interviews to obtain a thorough understanding of the child’s behaviour, development, and family history. Parents will be asked about the child’s early development, behaviour at home, and any concerns from school.
• Questionnaires or rating scales: Several standardised questionnaires and rating scales are often used to assess ADHD symptoms. These may include:
• Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS): Evaluates behavioural problems as reported by parents.
• Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS): Assesses behavioural issues from a teacher’s perspective.
• Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): Measures emotional and behavioural difficulties, including hyperactivity and inattention.
• ADHD Rating Scale-IV: Focuses specifically on ADHD symptoms and their severity.
• Observation of the child’s behaviour: The specialist may observe the child in different settings, such as at home or school, to see how they interact and behave in various environments.
• Review of the child’s medical, educational, and developmental history: The specialist will examine the child’s medical records, school reports, and any previous assessments to gather a comprehensive picture of their development and behaviour over time.

Doctors are looking for patterns of behaviour that are consistent with ADHD, such as persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with the child’s daily functioning and are present in more than one setting (e.g., at home and school).

Step 5: Diagnosis and Treatment

After the assessment, the specialist will determine whether your child meets the criteria for an ADHD diagnosis. If diagnosed, the specialist will discuss treatment options, which may include:

• Behavioural therapies
• Parent training and education programmes
• Medication (if deemed necessary)
• School-based support and accommodations

The treatment plan will be tailored to your child’s specific needs and circumstances.

Timelines

The entire process, from initial consultation with your GP to receiving a diagnosis, can vary significantly. On average:

• GP consultation and referral: 2-4 weeks
• Waiting time for specialist appointment: 3-6 months
• Assessment and diagnosis: 1-3 months

In total, the process may take anywhere from 6 months to over a year, depending on various factors such as location, availability of specialists, and the complexity of the case.

Challenges

There are several challenges parents may face during this process, including:

• Long waiting times for specialist appointments
• Limited availability of specialists in certain areas
• Variability in the quality and comprehensiveness of assessments

It is essential to remain patient and persistent, advocating for your child’s needs throughout the process.

What to Do If Your School or GP Does Not Support a Referral

In some cases, you may find that your child’s school or GP does not support a referral for an ADHD assessment. Here are some steps you can take:

Document Your Concerns

Keep a detailed record of your child’s behaviour and symptoms, including specific examples and any patterns you notice. This documentation can be helpful when discussing your concerns with professionals.

Seek a Second Opinion

If your GP is unwilling to refer your child, consider seeking a second opinion from another GP or healthcare provider. Explain your concerns and provide your documentation to support your case.

Work with the School

Request a meeting with your child’s teachers or the school SENCO (Special Educational Needs Coordinator) to discuss your concerns. Schools can conduct their own assessments and may be able to provide additional support even without a formal ADHD diagnosis. Ask for observations from teachers and any school reports that highlight behavioural issues.

Contact Educational Psychologists

Some local authorities have educational psychologists who can assess children within the school setting. You can request an assessment through the school or contact the local authority’s educational psychology service directly.

Explore Private Assessments

If the NHS route is proving difficult, you may choose to pursue a private assessment. While this can be costly, it may provide a quicker route to diagnosis and support. Ensure the private specialist is qualified and experienced in diagnosing ADHD in children.

Advocate for Your Child

Be persistent in seeking the support your child needs. Join parent support groups for advice and encouragement from others who have navigated the system. Organisations such as ADHD Foundation and ADDISS can offer resources and guidance.

Other Options Available

If the NHS process is taking too long or you prefer an alternative route, there are other options available:

• Private Assessment: You can seek a private assessment from a specialist. This option can be quicker but may be costly.
• Second Opinion: If you are not satisfied with the NHS assessment, you can request a second opinion from another specialist.
• Support Groups: Joining support groups for parents of children with ADHD can provide valuable information, resources, and emotional support.

Conclusion

Getting an ADHD assessment and diagnosis for your child can be a complex and lengthy process, but it is a crucial step in ensuring they receive the appropriate support and interventions. By following this guide, consulting with healthcare professionals, and exploring all available options, you can help your child thrive and manage their ADHD effectively.